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DYSARTHRIA

Definition and Information

Dysarthria is defined as a motor speech disorder. This disorder occurs because of weaken or damaged muscles used for speaking due to brain damage. Due to what muscles are damaged, the muscles themselves being weak, or to not have control of these muscles at all, this effects the severity of Dysarthria and the ability for one to speak. Someone with Dysarthria could have "slurred" or "mumbled" speech that can be hard to understand, speak slowly, talk too fast , speak softly, not be able to move their tongue, lips, and jaw very well, sound robotic or choppy, have changes in their voice, may sound hoarse or breathy, or may sound like one has a stuffy nose/nasal tone of voice. For some children, they might have a hard time speaking and have some of those characteristics listed or they may not be able to speak at all due to the severity of the disorder. Some causes to this disorder can derive from stroke, brain injury, tumors, parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and muscular dystrophy. So, with having any of these causes, it can lead one to having Dysarthria as well. Surprisingly enough, it is challenging to test children for this disorder. There is actually nothing a physician can use specially to test children for Dysarthria, there is not one existing. Instead, they use a series of speech models and tests for different disorders used on adults to test for it in children. Different evaluations can be done to test the motor skills of the mouth and the movement of those muscles. As well as MRI and CT scans of the brain can help determine if a child does have Dysarthria. There is a test for adults though that I found called an SLP. The SLP listens to speech in single words, sentences, and conversation and will test how well one understands and talks. It also looks at how one can move their mouth, lips, and tongue and how they breathe. This is done on adults usually from what I have gathered, but it might be something important to look into and possibly try out if one is concerned about this disorder. 

Instructional Strategies

If you have a student who has Dysarthria, it is first and foremost really important to learn about this disorder and really get to know your student. Being able to sit down with the student and learn their strengths and weaknesses and how you can help is the most beneficial first step. We have learned that children with Dysarthria have a hard time speaking and expressing themselves verbally. This gives the teacher an opportunity to have them express themselves in a different but equally as exciting way. If a student is having a hard time expressing what they need to say verbally one could have them: 

  -Draw Pictures of what they need to get across 

  -Write down what they are trying to say 

  -Allow for them to access (either from home or through the school) computer or technology based items such as a         device with a keyboard to type out what they need to say. 

  - Use pictures or written cues to prompt the student 

These accommodations could mean a huge difference in the academic performance of a student who has this disorder. As well as those ideas, some other instructional strategies can include: encouraging the student when they are participating, not correcting them as they speak allowing them to think and talk through it/correcting themselves when they have made a mistake, repeat back what they have said to you to model sentence structure and pronunciation (it's important for them to hear the correct sentence structure), and encourage them to take their time when speaking! One can utilize working with a partner and encouraging your student to speak slowly and take their time when speaking with a partner. Helping the student feel comfortable in their own skin, show them to own their disorder, and be able to shine and conquer even with their circumstances is really important when teaching. Your kids can do anything as long as you encourage them and provide them with the best you can everyday. 

Useful Websites
Research 

This first study took 30 patients from the 7 discrete neurological groups and tests each of them, scaling them and rating the severity of speech: https://jslhr.pubs.asha.org/article.aspx?articleid=1754654&resultclick=1 

This next study consisits of two groups of children, one being a group of kids had all undergone a procedure called cerebellar tumor resection and the second group consisted of kids with brain tumors. Each group had their speech patterns analyzed: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887899497002324 

This study analyzes children with cerebellar tumors and how that can possibly link to Dysarthria. Ten children with cerebellar tumors and 10 orthopedic control children were tested one week after surgery: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0093934X04001051

Other

References 

 

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Dysarthria. (n.d.). https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/dysarthria/

 

Brain Injury Guide. (2018). Childhood Dysarthia.  https://www.birthinjuryguide.org/birth-injury/symptoms/childhood-dysarthia/

Gromisch, E. S. (2010, November 05). An Overview of Childhood Dysarthria. https://www.brighthubeducation.com/special-ed-speech-disorders/94446-an-overview-of-childhood-dysarthria/

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